Offshore Islet Project

HOME > O'AHU ISLETS
For more information click on an islet name on the map or select from the list below. Islets that are washed over by waves and lack any flora or fauna are not detailed here.
> Kaohikaipu (Black Rock)	> Kapapa (Mokukapapa)	> Kekepa (Turtle Rock)
> Kihewamoku	> Kuka'imanini	> Kukuiho'olua
> Manana (Rabbit Island)	> Mokauea	> Mokolea
> Mokoli'i (Chinaman's Hat)	> Moku manu	> Moku o Lo'e (Coconut Island)
> Mokualai	> Moku'au'ia (Goat Island)	> Mokulua
> Popo'ia (Flat Island)	> Pulemoku

Moku'au'ia (Goat Island)

View from islet
Photo: H. Eijzenga

13 acre islet located accross from Malaekahana Beach Park.
The islet is part of the State Seabird Sanctuary: access is by permit only to protect the islet's flora and fauna.

Field Accounts: 19 Feb 2007; 5 Apr and 7 Apr 2007; 9 May 2007; 1 Jun 2007; 8 Jun 2007; 15 Jun 2007; 22 Jun 2007; 29 Jun 2007; 6 Jul 2007; 18 Jul 2007; 24 Jul 2007; 31 Jul 2007; 8 Aug 2007; 17 Aug 2007; 24 Aug 2007; 22 Sep 2007

Species checklists:

ARTHROPOD
Order: DIPTERA
Family: Culicidae
	Culex quinquefasciatus Makika (Mosquito) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
		Unknown	Present	Fitch 1968
Order: HYMENOPTERA
Family: Formicidae
	Ochetellus glaber naonao (Glaber Ant) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	2005-2006	Opportunistic survey	Present	Smith 2006
	Pheidole megacephala naonao-aki (Big-headed ant) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	2002-2004	Complete survey	Common	Smith 2006
	2005-2006	Opportunistic survey	Present	Smith 2006
	22-Feb-05	Opportunistic survey	Present	Starr and Starr 2006
	Solenopsis geminata naonao (Fire ant) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Opportunistic survey	Present	Starr and Starr 2006
MAMMAL
Family: Muridae
	Rattus rattus (Roof rat) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	24-Feb-67 and 28-Aug-67	Complete survey	2 individuals	Fitch 1968
	3-Mar-06	Complete survey	56 individuals	Smith 2006
	3-Mar-06	Complete survey	56 individuals	Smith 2006
	Rattus sp. (Rats) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	20-Jun-94	Unknown	Present	Carter 1994
PLANT
Family: Acanthaceae
	Asystasia gangetica (Chinese violet) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Aizoaceae
	Sesuvium portulacastrum Akulikuli Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
	Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Amaranthaceae
	Amaranthus spinosus (Spiny amaranth) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Apiaceae
	Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Arecaceae
	Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Asteraceae
	Bidens alba var. radiata (Spanish needles) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Conyza bonariensis (Hairy horseweed) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Eclipta prostrata (False daisy) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Emilia fosbergii Pualele (Flora's paintbrush) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Emilia sonchifolia var. javanica (Flora's paintbrush) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Heterotheca grandiflora (Telegraph weed) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Melanthera integrifolia Nehe Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Pluchea carolinensis (Sourbush) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Pluchea indica (Indian fleabane) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Pluchea xfosbergii (Hybrid pluchea) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Sonchus oleraceus Pualele (Sow thistle) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Boraginaceae
	Heliotropium curassavicum Nena (salt heliotrope) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Heliotropium procumbens (Fourspike heliotrope) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Heliotropium sp. Fed:Unknown State:Unknown			Unknown
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	Tournefortia argentea (Tree heliotrope) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Brassicaceae
	Coronopus didymus (Swinecress) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Caricaceae
	Carica papaya (Papaya) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Casuarinaceae
	Casuarina equisetifolia (Ironwood) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Chenopodiaceae
	Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Atriplex suberecta (Saltbush) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Chenopodium murale (Lambs quarters) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Chenopodium oahuense Aweoweo Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Convolvulaceae
	Canavalia sericea (Silky jackbean) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Ipomoea indica Koali awa (Oceanblue morning-glory) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis Pohuehue (Bayhops) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Ipomoea sp. Fed:Unknown State:Unknown			Unknown
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	Jacquemontia ovalifolia subsp. sandwicensis Pau o Hiiaka Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Cucurbitaceae
	Coccinia grandis (Ivy gourd) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Cuscutaceae
	Cuscuta sandwichiana Kaunaoa (Dodder) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Cyperaceae
	Fimbristylis cymosa (Button sedge) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea (Button sedge) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
Family: Euphorbiaceae
	Chamaesyce hypericifolia (Graceful spurge) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Chamaesyce prostrata (Prostrate spurge) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Fabaceae
	Mucuna gigantea (Sea bean) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Vigna marina (Beach pea) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Goodeniaceae
	Scaevola sericea Naupaka kahakai Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Hydrocharitaceae
	Halophila hawaiiana Halophila Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Lilliaceae
	Crinum asiaticum (Spider lily) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Malvaceae
	Malvastrum coromandelianum (Malvastrum) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Sida fallax Ilima (Fanpetals) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
	Thespesia populnea Milo Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Myrtaceae
	Psidium guajava (Guava) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Nyctaginaceae
	Boerhavia coccinea (Boerhavia) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Boerhavia repens Alena (Boerhavia) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Oxalidaceae
	Oxalis corniculata (Yellow wood sorrel) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Pandanaceae
	Pandanus tectorius Hala (Screwpine) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Passifloraceae
	Passiflora foetida (Love-in-a-mist) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
	Passiflora suberosa Huehue haole Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Phytolaccaceae
	Rivina humilis (Coralberry) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Plantaginaceae
	Plantago major (Common plantain) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Poaceae
	Cenchrus echinatus (Sand bur) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Digitaria insularis (Sourgrass) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Eleusine indica (Wiregrass) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Eragrostis variabilis Emoloa, kawelu Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Paspalum vaginatum (Seashore paspalum) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Sporobolus virginicus Akiaki Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Polygonaceae
	Coccoloba uvifera (Seagrape) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Polypodiaceae
	Phymatosorus grossus Lauae (Maile scented fern) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Portulacaceae
	Portulaca lutea ihi (Purslane) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Portulaca oleracea (Pigweed) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Common	Starr & Starr 2006
	Portulaca sp. Fed:Unknown State:Unknown			Unknown
	19-Jun-38	Partial survey	Present	Fitch 1968
Family: Primulaceae
	Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet pimpernel) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Scrophulariaceae
	Bacopa monnieri Aeae Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Solanaceae
	Lycium sandwicense Ohelo kai (Hawai'i desert-thorn) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Nicotiana tabacum (Tree tobacco) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Physallis angulata (Smooth poha) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
	Physallis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
	Solanum americanum Popolo (Glossy Nighshade) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	11-Mar-02	Complete survey	Present	LeGrande 2002
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Occasional	Starr & Starr 2006
Family: Verbenaceae
	Lantana camara (Lantana) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Rare	Starr & Starr 2006
	Stachytarpheta sp. (Vervain) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	22-Feb-05	Complete survey	Present	Starr & Starr 2006
SEABIRD
Family: Procellaridae
	Bulweria bulweri ou (Bulwer's Petrel) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	20-Jun-94	Unknown	suspected	Carter 1994
	Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus uaukane (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	12-Apr-64	Estimated	350+/-25	Fitch 1968
	10-May-64	Estimated	225+/-25	Fitch 1968
	17-Oct-67	Estimated	300+ adults	Fitch 1968
	20-Jun-94	Unknown	Present	Carter 1994
	1-Nov-95	Extrapolated	3223 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-96	Extrapolated	3461 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-97	Extrapolated	3382 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-98	Extrapolated	3501 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-99	Extrapolated	3541 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-00	Extrapolated	3581 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-01	Extrapolated	2705 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-02	Extrapolated	3063 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-03	Extrapolated	3342 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-04	Extrapolated	1790 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	2-Nov-05	Extrapolated	915 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-06	Extrapolated	1951 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data
	1-Nov-07	Extrapolated	1300 individuals	DOFAW unpubl. data

Literature Citations:

Altonn, H. 1977. Seabird refuge established. Honolulu Star-Bulletin 1977 (October 22, 1977): A101.

Anonymous. 1994. Mokuauia Island (Goat Island). Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 6 p.

Anonymous. 1999. Nongame survey and inventory of seabirds, Oahu County, July 1, 1998 through June 30, 1999. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 58 p.

Anonymous. Maps of Manana, Popoia, Mokolii, Moku Manu, and Mokuauia. In:

Brown, R.C. 1932. Regulations of the Division of Forestry of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry of the Territory of Hawaii, p. 4. In: Territory of Hawaii4.

Buck, M.G. 1989. News release: Closure of Mokuauia Island a state wildlife sanctuary, p. 6. In: Wildlife, D.o.L.a.N.R.D.o.F.a. (ed.), State of Hawaii6.

Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. 1981. Rules regulating wildlife sanctuaries. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Department of Foresty and Wildlife, Honolulu. 14 p.

Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. 1981. Seabird sanctuaries. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 3 p.

Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. 1999. Job progress report, Hawaii non-game management program. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu.

Fitch, J. 1968. Oahu, Kauai, and offshore islands summary. Smithsonian Institution, Honolulu. 98 p.

Hawaii, S.o. 1969. Geographic names approved, second quarter 1969, p. 8. In: Development, D.o.P.E. (ed.), State of Hawaii8.

Judd, L.M. 1932. Setting aside land for public purposes, p. 2. In: Branch, S.o.H.E. (ed.), State of Hawaii2.

LeGrande, M. 2002. Preliminary checklist of vascular plants Mokuauia Islet. Report to Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 2 p.

MacCaughey, V. 1918. The strand flora of the Hawaiian Archipelago-I. geographical relations, origin, and composition. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 45(7): 18.

Morin, M. 1982. State Seabird Sanctuary brief legislative history, p. 6. In: Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. (ed.), State of Hawaii6.

Oliver, C. 2002. Islets shelter seabirds, provide stunning views. Honolulu Advertiser 2002 (February 17, 2002)5.

Service, U.S.F.a.W. 2002. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; designations of critical habitat for plant species from the island of Oahu, HI. Federal Register 67(102): 49.

Smith, D.G., Polhemus, J.T. & VanderWerf, E.A. 2000. A comparison of Wedge-tailed Shearwater nesting colonies on O'ahu and on an offshore island seabird sanctuary: effects of feral cat predation. Dept. of Land and Natural Resources: Division of Forestry and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu. 1 p.

Smith, D.G. 2006. Oahu offshore island seabird habitat restoration and monitoring program. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 17 p.

Spadoni, R.D., Kitaguchi, G.E. & Hayes, R.O. 1979. Mosquitoes collected on the offshore islets Oahu, Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 13(1): 7.

Starr, F. & Starr, K. 2006. O'ahu offshore islets botanical survey. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Divsion of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 165 p.

Starr, K., Starr, F. & Loope, L.L. 2005. Early detection and rapid response restoration of Hawaii's offshore islets, p. 1. In: Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit: Dept. of Botany: University of Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit: Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Center: University of Hawaii, U.S. Geological Survey: Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Honolulu. 1.

Tabata, R. 1980. The native coastal plants of Oahu, Hawaii. Newsletter of the Hawaiian Botanical Society 19: 41.

Tomich, P.Q. 1986. Mammals in Hawai'i. 2. Bishop Musuem Press, Honolulu, HI. 375 p.

Walker, R. 1978. Named islands, islets, rocks, sandspits in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Department of Land and Natural Resources: Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 16 p.

Walker, R. 1998. Wildlife sanctuaries in Hawaii. Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 3 p.

Whittow, G.C. 1997. Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus), p. 35. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA305.

Additional information