HOME > O'AHU ISLETS

O'ahu islet map

For more information click on an islet name on the map or select from the list below. Islets that are washed over by waves and lack any flora or fauna are not detailed here.

> Kaohikaipu (Black Rock)

> Kapapa (Mokukapapa)

> Kekepa (Turtle Rock)

> Kihewamoku

> Kuka'imanini

> Kukuiho'olua

> Manana (Rabbit Island)

> Mokauea

> Mokolea

> Mokoli'i (Chinaman's Hat)

> Moku manu

> Moku o Lo'e (Coconut Island)

> Mokualai

> Moku'au'ia (Goat Island)

> Mokulua

> Popo'ia (Flat Island)

> Pulemoku

Moku manu
Moku manu
Aerial view
Photo: Starr

2 islets totaling 17 acres located off Mokapu Peninsula.
The islet is part of the State Seabird Sanctuary: access is by permit only to protect the islet's flora and fauna. Additionally, the airspace and waters around the islet are regulated by Kaneohe Bay Marine Corps Base and permission is required before entering these areas.

Species checklists:
ARTHROPOD
 Order: ARANEAE
  Family: Araneidae
    Argiope appensa nananana (Garden spider) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Linyphiidae
    indet. Linyphiidae nananana Fed:none State:noneUnknown
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
 Order: COLEOPTERA
  Family: Coccinellidae
    Coelophora inaequalis none (Common Australian lady beetle) Fed:none State:noneIntroduced
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
    Cryptolaemus montrouzieri none (Mealybug destoryer) Fed:none State:noneIntroduced
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    Nephus roepkei none (Coccinellid beetle) Fed:none State:noneIntroduced
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    Scymnus ocellatus none Fed:none State:noneadventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Curculionidae
    Hypurus bertrandi none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Dermestidae
    Dermestes cadaverinus none (Dermestid beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    Dermestes sp. none (Dermestid beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
    Trogoderma anthrenoides none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Tenebrionidae
    Alphitobius laevigatus pu'u (Black fungus beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
    Ammophorus insularis pu'u Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
    Gonocephalum adpressiforme pu'u (Gonocephalum darkling beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Trogidae
    Trox suberosus none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
 Order: DIPTERA
  Family: Calliphoridae
    Lucilia sericata nalo (Green bottle fly) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Chloropidae
    Siphunculina striolata nalo (Chloropid fly) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Ephydridae
    Chlorichaeta tuberculosa nalo Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Hippoboscidae
    Olfersia aenescens 'uku-hipa Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Sarcophagidae
    Sarcophaga argyrostoma nalo (Flesh fly) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    Sarcophaga misera nalo (Flesh fly) Fed:none State:noneUnknown
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Sciaridae
    Sciara sp. nalo (Dark-winged fungus gnat) Fed:none State:noneUnknown
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Tachinidae
    Gonia longipulvilli nalo (Tachinid fly) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
 Order: HETEROPTERA
  Family: Anthocoridae
    Orius persequens none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Lygaeidae
    Geocoris punctipes none (Big-eyed bug) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    Nysius kinbergi none (Seed bug) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
 Order: HOMOPTERA
  Family: Aphididae
    Aphis sp. eleao Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Membracidae
    Vanduzea segmentata none (Vanduzee treehopper) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
 Order: HYMENOPTERA
  Family: Apidae
    Apis mellifera nalo-meli (Honey Bee) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Bethylidae
    Epyris extraneus none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Braconidae
    Apanteles sp. nalo puka Fed:none State:noneUnknown
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Chalcididae
    Brachymeria discreta nalo puka Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    Brachymeria podagrica nalo puka Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    Euchalcidia sp. nalo puka Fed:none State:noneUnknown
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Encyrtidae
    Blepyrus sp. nalo puka Fed:none State:noneUnknown
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
  Family: Formicidae
    Cardiocondyla sp. none (Cardiocondyla ant) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
    Paratrechina longicornis naonao (Crazy ant) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
    Pheidole megacephala naonao-aki (Big-headed ant) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
    Solenopsis geminata naonao (Fire ant) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
 Order: ISOPODA
  Family: Armadillidae
    Cubaris murina pokipoki (Terrestrial isopod) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Philosciidae
    Littorophiloscia culebrae pokipoki Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Scyphacidae
    Alloniscus oahuensis pokipoki (Terrestrial isopod) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
 Order: LEPIDOPTERA
  Family: Crambidae
    Spoladea recurvalis none (Hawaiian Beet Webworm) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    7-May-05 Partial survey Present Suehiro 1958
 Order: ORTHOPTERA
  Family: Acrididae
    Schistocerca nitens uhini (Vagrant grasshopper) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
  Family: Gryllidae
    Myrmecophila quadrispina uhini Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
 Order: PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA
  Family: Lechytiidae
    Lechytia sakagamii none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    28-Feb-06 Partial survey Present Eijzenga & Preston 2008
MAMMAL
  Family: Muridae
    Rattus exulans iole (Polynesian rat) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    16-May-67 and 26-Sept-1967 Partial survey Common Fitch 1968
  Family: Phocidae
    Monachus schauinslandi Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua (Hawaiian monk seal) Fed:E State:EEndemic
    1987-1990 Partial survey 1-2 DLNR 1994
PLANT
  Family: Aizoaceae
    Sesuvium portulacastrum Akulikuli Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1968 Partial survey Present Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey Common Pyle 1968
    3-Mar-06 Unknown Occasional Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Amaranthaceae
    Amaranthus viridis (Slender amaranth) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Common Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Asteraceae
    Artemisia australis Hinahina Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    28-Aug-84 Partial survey Rare Hobdy 1984
    Sonchus oleraceus Pualele (Sow thistle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Occasional Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Boraginaceae
    Heliotropium curassavicum Nena (salt heliotrope) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Chenopodiaceae
    Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey Occasional Pyle 1968
    3-Oct-68 Partial survey Present Walker 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    Chenopodium oahuense Aweoweo Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1968 Partial survey Present Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey Common Pyle 1968
    3-Oct-68 Partial survey Present Walker 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Common Starr & Starr 2006
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Common Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Euphorbiaceae
    Chamaesyce kuwaleana Akoko Fed:none State:EEndemic
    1937 Partial survey Present DLNR 1994
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Goodeniaceae
    Scaevola sericea Naupaka kahakai Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    28-Aug-84 Partial survey Occasional Hobdy 1984
  Family: Malvaceae
    Sida fallax Ilima (Fanpetals) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1968 Partial survey Present Fitch 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Myoporaceae
    Myoporum sandwicense Naio (False sandalwood) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Nyctaginaceae
    Boerhavia repens Alena (Boerhavia) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1968 Partial survey Present Fitch 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Rare Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Papavaraceae
    Argemone glauca var. glauca Pua kala Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Poaceae
    Cenchrus echinatus (Sand bur) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Rare Starr & Starr 2006
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Occasional Starr & Starr 2006
    Chloris barbata (Swollen fingergrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Rare Starr & Starr 2006
    Digitaria ciliaris (Henry's crabgrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    Digitaria insularis (Sourgrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Rare Starr & Starr 2006
    Eleusine indica (Wiregrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Occasional Starr & Starr 2006
    Eragrostis variabilis Emoloa, kawelu Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    28-Aug-84 Partial survey Rare Hobdy 1984
    Pancium torridum Kakonakona (Torrid panicgrass) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    Setaria verticillata (Bristly foxtail) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Occasional Starr & Starr 2006
    Sporobolus virginicus Akiaki Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1968 Partial survey Present Fitch 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Portulacaceae
    Portulaca lutea ihi (Purslane) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1968 Partial survey Present Fitch 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    Portulaca oleracea (Pigweed) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey Occasional Pyle 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Common Starr & Starr 2006
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Occasional Starr & Starr 2006
  Family: Solanaceae
    Lycium sandwicense Ohelo kai (Hawai'i desert-thorn) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1968 Partial survey Present Fitch 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Rare Starr & Starr 2006
    Solanum americanum Popolo (Glossy Nighshade) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Tomato) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Present Starr & Starr 2006
    Solanum nigrum Popolo (Black nightshade) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey Occasional Pyle 1968
  Family: Zygophyllaceae
    Tribulus cistoides Nohu Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1946-1948 Partial survey Present Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1968 Partial survey Present Fitch 1968
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Common Starr & Starr 2006
    3-Mar-06 Complete survey Common Starr & Starr 2006
SEABIRD
  Family: Diomedeidae
    Phoebastria immutabilis moli (Laysan Albatross) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    10-May-47 Partial survey 1 chick Donaghho 1947; Fisher 1948
    11-Jan-48 Complete survey abandonded egg Richardson & Fisher 1950
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    23-Jun-94 Estimated 2 individuals Carter 1994
    Phoebastria nigripes kaupu (Black-footed Albatross) Fed:none State:TIndigenous
    1899 Partial survey 1 adult; tentatively ID'd as 'Diomedia chinensis' currently Phoebastria nigripes Seale 1949
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
  Family: Fregatidae
    Fregata minor iwa (Great Frigatebird) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1899 Partial survey Present Seale 1949
    1915 Partial survey Present MacKaye 1915
    1935-1939 Unknown several hundred Munro 1941
    10-May-47 Partial survey Present Donaghho 1947
    13-Sep-53 Estimated 500 individuals ANON 1953
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey roosting Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Partial survey large numbers; roosting Bowles & Ord 1962
    7-Mar-64 Partial survey 7 individuals Ord 1964
    8-Apr-66 Partial survey lower numbers Ord 1972
    2-Jun-68 Estimated 100 + roosting Pyle 1978
    3-Oct-68 Estimated hundreds Walker 1978
    17-Jul-70 Complete survey 1 nest Shallenberger & Myers 1971
    20-Nov-71 Estimated hundreds Kaigler & Kaigler 1971
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    23-Jun-94 Estimated 100-200 Carter 1994
    9-Oct-98 Partial survey 1 adult DOFAW 1999
    3-Aug-00 Complete survey 566 adults; no nests Smith et al. 2000
    28-Feb-06 Complete survey roosting Eijzenga et al. 2006
  Family: Laridae
    Anous minutus melanogenys noio (Black Noddy) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1915 Partial survey nesting in the big cave MacKaye 1915
    1935-1941 Unknown Present Munro 1941
    18-Aug-43 Partial survey numerous Munro 1944
    28-Feb-48 Estimated 130 max adults; 15 nests Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey nesting Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Partial survey very few Bowles & Ord 1962
    7-Mar-64 Partial survey Present Ord 1964
    15-Mar-64 Estimated 50 nesting adults Fitch 1968
    8-Apr-66 Partial survey Present Ord 1966
    26-Sep-67 Estimated 150 roosting Fitch 1968
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    3-Aug-00 Complete survey 85 adults Eijzenga et al. 2006
    3-Aug-00 Estimated 85 adults; 1 chick Smith et al. 2000
    Anous spp. (Noddy species) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    23-Jun-94 Estimated several thousand Carter 1994
    Anous stolidus noio koha (Brown Noddy) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1899 Partial survey Present Seale 1949
    1915 Partial survey abundant on cliffs MacKaye 1915
    1935-1940 Unknown Present Munro 1941
    18-Aug-43 Partial survey numerous; nesting Munro 1944
    10-May-47 Partial survey nesting Donaghho 1947
    1-Jul-47 Partial survey 200-300 max. adults Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey nesting Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Estimated 200-300; nesting Bowles & Ord 1962
    15-Mar-64 Estimated 750 adults Fitch 1968
    21-Jun-64 Estimated 3000 adults Fitch 1968
    8-Apr-66 Partial survey nesting Ord 1967
    16-May-67 Estimated 5000 adults Fitch 1968
    26-Sep-67 Estimated 1000-2000 roosting Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey Present Pyle 1978
    3-Oct-68 Partial survey predominant spp on islet; 6 chicks Walker 1978
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    19-Sep-98 Partial survey adults and juvenilles; 1 egg DOFAW 1999
    3-Aug-00 Estimated 1357 adults Smith et al. 2000
    28-Feb-06 Complete survey thousands Eijzenga et al. 2006
    Gygis alba manu-o-ku (White Tern) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    23-Jun-94 Estimated 15 individuals Carter 1994
    Sterna fuscata ewaewa (Sooty Tern) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1899 Partial survey thousands Seale 1949
    1935-1937 Unknown thousands Munro 1941
    18-Aug-43 Partial survey unusually small numbers Munro 1944
    1946-1948 Estimated 10,000-15,000 Richardson & Fisher 1950
    10-May-47 Partial survey immense numbers; nesting Donaghho 1947
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey nesting Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Estimated thousands; nesting Bowles & Ord 1962
    7-Mar-64 Partial survey thousands Ord 1964
    11-Apr-65 Estimated 50,000 individuals Frings 1966
    8-Apr-66 Estimated 250,000 nesting Ord 1968
    16-May-67 Estimated 30,000 abandoned eggs Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Estimated tens of thousands; nesting Pyle 1978
    23-Jun-94 Estimated several thousand Carter 1994
    3-Aug-00 Estimated 15,000 adults Smith et al. 2000
    28-Feb-06 Complete survey thousands Eijzenga et al. 2006
    Sterna lunata pakalakala (Gray-backed Tern) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    18-Aug-43 Partial survey 1 fledgling Munro 1944
    10-May-47 Partial survey 30 adults; 3 nests Richardson & Fisher 1950
    10-May-47 Partial survey Present Donaghho 1947
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey present, not nesting Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Partial survey 30 adults Bowles & Ord 1962
    7-Mar-64 Partial survey nesting Ord 1964
    15-Mar-64 Estimated 15 nests Fitch 1968
    8-Apr-66 Estimated 12 pairs Ord 1969
    26-Sep-67 Estimated 12 nests Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey Present Pyle 1978
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    14-Sep-98 Partial survey 21 adults DOFAW 1999
    19-Sep-98 Partial survey 20 adults; 1 chick DOFAW 1999
    3-Aug-00 Complete survey 44 adults Smith et al. 2000
    28-Feb-06 Complete survey 24 nests Eijzenga et al. 2006
  Family: Phaethontidae
    Phaethon rubricauda rothschildi koae-ula (Red-tailed Tropicbird) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1915 Partial survey Present MacKaye 1915
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey 1 flying over islet Hanson 1958
    23-Jun-94 Estimated Present Carter 1994
  Family: Procellaridae
    Bulweria bulweri ou (Bulwer's Petrel) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    14-Jun-47 Estimated 150 pairs Richardson & Fisher 1950
    10-Jun-48 Partial survey 7 nests Richardson & Fisher 1950
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey 1 nest Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Partial survey 1 pair Bowles & Ord 1962
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey 1 nest Pyle 1978
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    14-Sep-98 Partial survey 1 chick DOFAW 1999
    19-Sep-98 Partial survey 1 adult; 1 chick DOFAW 1999
    29-Jul-00 Unknown 23 nests Smith et al. 2000
    3-Aug-00 Partial survey 1 chick; 1 adult Smith et al. 2000
    Puffinus nativitatus (Christmas Shearwater) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1915 Partial survey Present MacKaye 1915
    20-Aug-37 Unknown 1 adult Munro 1941
    21-Aug-37 Unknown 1 chick Fitch 1968
    3-Oct-40 Unknown 1 chick Fitch 1968
    18-Aug-43 Partial survey 1 chick Munro 1944
    19-Apr-47 Partial survey 14 nests Richardson & Fisher 1950
    10-May-47 Partial survey 1 adult Donaghho 1947
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey 1 nest Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Partial survey 12 adults, 1 nest Bowles & Ord 1962
    21-Jun-64 Estimated 30-40 adults Fitch 1968
    8-Apr-66 Partial survey several nests Ord 1971
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey 13 nests Pyle 1978
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    3-Aug-00 Opportunistic survey 1 flying over islet Smith et al. 2000
    28-Feb-06 Complete survey 1 nest Eijzenga et al. 2006
    Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus uaukane (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1915 Partial survey nesting MacKaye 1915
    1935-1942 Unknown Present Munro 1941
    18-Aug-43 Partial survey nesting Munro 1944
    19-Apr-47 Partial survey not likely to exceed 500 Richardson & Fisher 1950
    10-May-47 Partial survey nesting Donaghho 1947
    13-Sep-53 Opportunistic survey 1 adult; 1 chick ANON 1953
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey nesting Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Partial survey nesting Bowles & Ord 1962
    7-Mar-64 Partial survey 10 individuals Ord 1964
    21-Jun-64 Estimated 3,000 adults Fitch 1968
    8-Apr-66 Partial survey Present Ord 1970
    26-Sep-67 Estimated 2000-4000 adults Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey 1 adult Pyle 1978
    3-Oct-68 Partial survey 3 nests Walker 1978
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    23-Jun-94 Estimated lots of burrows Carter 1994
    9-Oct-98 Partial survey 202 chicks; 7 adults; 1 dead chick DOFAW 1999
    3-Aug-00 Partial survey nesting Smith et al. 2000
    21-May-05 Complete survey 2000-4000 adults Eijzenga et al. 2006
  Family: Sullidae
    Sula dactylatra a (Masked Booby) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1-Jun-58 Unknown 2 chicks Hanson 1958
    21-Dec-58 Estimated 1 adult Stoops 1959
    25-Nov-63 Estimated 1 adult Fitch 1968
    7-Mar-64 Partial survey 2 nests Ord 1964
    15-Mar-64 Estimated 4 nest Fitch 1968
    16-May-67 Estimated 7 roosting Fitch 1968
    26-Sep-67 Estimated 7 adults; 3 nesting Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey 1 pair Pyle 1978
    20-Nov-71 Partial survey Present Kaigler & Kaigler 1971
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    14-Sep-98 Partial survey 20 adults; 7 chicks; 1 egg DOFAW 1999
    9-Oct-98 Partial survey 7 pairs DOFAW 1999
    3-Aug-00 Complete survey 29 adults; 14 nests Smith et al. 2000
    28-Feb-06 Complete survey 33 nests Eijzenga et al. 2006
    Sula leucogaster plotus a (Brown Booby) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    18-Aug-43 Partial survey small number Munro 1944
    23-Feb-47 Estimated 75 nests Richardson & Fisher 1950
    10-May-47 Partial survey nesting Donaghho 1947
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey nesting Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Partial survey many; nesting Bowles & Ord 1962
    7-Mar-64 Partial survey nesting Ord 1964
    21-Jun-64 Estimated 300 adults Fitch 1968
    26-Sep-67 Estimated 350 including 200+ adults Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey 75+ nests Pyle 1978
    3-Oct-68 Partial survey Present Walker 1978
    20-Nov-71 Partial survey Present Kaigler & Kaigler 1971
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    23-Jun-94 Estimated 200+ individuals Carter 1994
    14-Sep-98 Partial survey 26 adults; 7 chicks DOFAW 1999
    3-Aug-00 Complete survey 81 adults; 20 chicks Smith et al. 2000
    28-Feb-06 Complete survey 123 nests Eijzenga et al. 2006
    Sula sula rubripes a (Red-footed Booby) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1915 Partial survey nesting MacKaye 1915
    1935-1938 Unknown several hundred Munro 1941
    18-Aug-43 Partial survey up to a thousand Munro 1944
    23-Feb-47 Estimated 200 nests Richardson & Fisher 1950
    10-May-47 Partial survey adults and immature Donaghho 1947
    10-May-47 Partial survey nesting Donaghho 1947
    13-Sep-53 Estimated 50 nests ANON 1953
    1-Jun-58 Opportunistic survey nesting Hanson 1958
    2-May-62 Partial survey quite numerous; nesting Bowles & Ord 1962
    7-Mar-64 Partial survey nesting Ord 1964
    15-Mar-64 Estimated 1200 adutls Fitch 1968
    21-Jun-64 Estimated 800 adults Fitch 1968
    16-May-67 Estimated 1500 adults Fitch 1968
    26-Sep-67 Estimated 2000-3000 adults; 31 chicks Fitch 1968
    2-Jun-68 Partial survey many; nesting Pyle 1978
    3-Oct-68 Partial survey nesting Walker 1978
    26-May-94 Unknown Present DOFAW 1994
    23-Jun-94 Estimated 300-400 Carter 1994
    14-Sep-98 Partial survey 108 adults; 21 juvenilles DOFAW 1999
    19-Sep-98 Partial survey 1 dead individual  DOFAW 1999
    9-Oct-98 Partial survey adults and juvenilles DOFAW 1999
    3-Aug-00 Complete survey 9 adults Smith et al. 2000
    28-Feb-06 Complete survey 160 nests Eijzenga et al. 2006
Literature Citations:

Anderson, D.J. 1993. Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra), p. 17. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA73.

Berger, A.J. 1972. Hawaiian birdlife and indigenous birds, p. 28. In: Hawaiian Birdlife. First. University of Hawaii Press Honolulu.

Berger, A.J. 1981. Hawaiian birdlife, p. 43. In: 2nd edition. University fo Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Chardine, J.W. & Morris, R.D. 1996. Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus), p. 34. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA220.

Gagne, W. 1975. Notes: 17 June 1974. 'Elepaio 35(12): 144.

Kaigler, C. & Kaigler, H. 1971. Field notes from Moku manu. 'Elepaio 32(7): 2.

MacCaughey, V. 1918. The strand flora of the Hawaiian Archipelago-I. geographical relations, origin, and composition. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 45(7): 18.

Megysi, J.L. & O'Daniel, D.L. 1997. Bulwer's Petrel (Bulweria bulwerii), p. 33. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA281.

Metz, V.G. & Schreiber, E.A. 2002. Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor), p. 35. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA681.

Mostello, C.S., Palaia, N.A. & Clapp, R.B. 2000. Gray-backed Tern (Sterna lunata), p. 37. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA525.

Munro, G.C. 1946. The Hawaiian bird survey of 1935-37. 'Elepaio 7(2): 2.

Munro, G.C. 1956. Our interesting offshore islands. 'Elepaio 16(10): 2.

Oliver, C. 2002. Islets shelter seabirds, provide stunning views. Honolulu Advertiser 2002 (February 17, 2002)5.

Ord, W.M. 1964. Nesting status of sea birds on Moku manu. 'Elepaio 24(10): 2.

Ord, W.M. 1966. Moku manu. 'Elepaio 26(12): 2.

Richardson, F. 1948. Holes in the webs of shearwaters. Pacific Science 2: 2.

Schreiber, E.A. & Norton, R.L. 2002. Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster), p. 35. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA649.

Schreiber, E.A., Feare, C.J., Harrington, B.A., Murray Jr., B.G., Robertson Jr., W.B., Robertson, M.J. & Woolfenden, G.E. 2002. Sooty Tern (Sterna fuscata), p. 44. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA665.

Schreiber, E.A., Schreiber, R.W. & Schenk, G.A. 2002. Red Footed Booby (Sula sula), p. 19. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA241.

Shallenberger, R. 1980. Both ways thru the looking glass. 'Elepaio 40(5): 4.

Shallenberger, R.J. 1972. Frigatebird (Fregata minor) in the main Hawaiian Islands. 'Elepaio 32(10): 1.

Smith, D.G. 2006. Oahu offshore island seabird habitat restoration and monitoring program. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 17 p.

Tabata, R. 1980. The native coastal plants of Oahu, Hawaii. Newsletter of the Hawaiian Botanical Society 19: 41.

Tomich, P.Q. 1986. Mammals in Hawai'i. 2. Bishop Musuem Press, Honolulu, HI. 375 p.

Walker, R. 1968. A recent trip to Moku manu. 'Elepaio 29(6): 1.

Whittow, G.C. 1993. Laysan Albatross (Diomedea immutabilis), p. 27. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA66.

Whittow, G.C. 1997. Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus), p. 35. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA305.

Additional information

KaohikaipuKapapaKekepaKihewamokuKuka'imaniniKukuiho'oluaMananaMokaueaMokoleaMokoli'iMoku manuMoku o Lo'eMokualaiMoku'au'iaMokuluaPopo'iaPulemoku