Offshore Islet Project

HOME > MOLOKA'I ISLETS
For more information click on an islet name on the map or select from the list below. Islets that are washed over by waves and lack any flora or fauna are not detailed here.
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Moku manu

Aerial view
Photo: H. Eijzenga

2.3 acre islet located offshore Kalaupapa peninsula.
The islet is part of the State Seabird Sanctuary: access is by permit only to protect the islet's flora and fauna.

Field Accounts: 16 Feb 2008

Species checklists:

PLANT
Family: Aizoaceae
	Sesuvium portulacastrum Akulikuli Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Asteraceae
	Artemisia australis Hinahina Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	28-Aug-84	Partial survey	Rare	Hobdy 1984
	28-Aug-84	Complete survey	Rare	Hobdy 1984
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Emilia fosbergii Pualele (Flora's paintbrush) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Pluchea carolinensis (Sourbush) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Sonchus oleraceus Pualele (Sow thistle) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Caryophyllaceae
	Schiedea globosa Maolioli Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Common	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Crassulaceae
	Kalanchoe pinnata (Cathedral bells) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Common	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Dryopteridaceae
	Cyrtomium falcatum (Japanese Holly Fern) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Euphorbiaceae
	Chamaesyce celastroides Akoko Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Common	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Goodeniaceae
	Scaevola sericea Naupaka kahakai Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	28-Aug-84	Complete survey	Occasional	Hobdy 1984
	28-Aug-84	Partial survey	Occasional	Hobdy 1984
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Common	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Nephrolepidaceae
	Nephrolepis exaltata subsp. hawaiiensis Kupukupu Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Poaceae
	Digitaria ciliaris (Henry's crabgrass) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Eragrostis variabilis Emoloa, kawelu Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	28-Aug-84	Complete survey	Rare	Hobdy 1984
	28-Aug-84	Partial survey	Rare	Hobdy 1984
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Polypodiaceae
	Phymatosorus grossus Lauae (Maile scented fern) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Portulacaceae
	Portulaca lutea ihi (Purslane) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Portulaca oleracea (Pigweed) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Verbenaceae
	Lantana camara (Lantana) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	16-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
SEABIRD
Family: Phaethontidae
	Phaethon rubricauda rothschildi koae-ula (Red-tailed Tropicbird) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	16-Feb-08	Partial survey	10 adults on nests	Eijzenga & Preston 2008

Literature Citations:

Altonn, H. 1977. Seabird refuge established. Honolulu Star-Bulletin 1977 (October 22, 1977): A101.

Anderson, W.C. 1954. Notes on the food habits of sea birds of the Pacific. 'Elepaio 14(12): 5.

Anonymous. 1953. Field notes for Moku Manu, Oahu. 'Elepaio 14(5): 2.

Anonymous. 1992. Images and GIS data of Oahu's offshore islets. In: Hawaii Natural Heritage Project

Anonymous. 1994. Report on Moku Manu Island. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 12 p.

Anonymous. 1999. Nongame survey and inventory of seabirds, Oahu County, July 1, 1998 through June 30, 1999. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 58 p.

Anonymous. Maps of Manana, Popoia, Mokolii, Moku Manu, and Mokuauia. In:

Anonymous. Maui county's offshore islets general information. Maui County. 2 p.

Bowles, J. & Ord, M. 1962. Moku manu. 'Elepaio 23(4): 2.

Brown, R.C. 1932. Regulations of the Division of Forestry of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry of the Territory of Hawaii, p. 4. In: Territory of Hawaii4.

Burger, J. 1991. Metals in feathers of Brown Noddy (Anous Stolidus): Evidence for bioaccumulation of exposure levels? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 24(2): 181-185.

Carter, S. 1994. Report on Moku manu Island. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 1 p.

Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. 1981. Rules regulating wildlife sanctuaries. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Department of Foresty and Wildlife, Honolulu. 14 p.

Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. 1981. Seabird sanctuaries. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 3 p.

Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. 1999. Job progress report, Hawaii non-game management program. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu.

Donaghho, W.R. 1947. A visit to Moku manu. 'Elepaio 7(12): 72-73.

Eijzenga, J., VanderWerf, E., Preston, D., Starr, K., Starr, F., Eijzenga, H. & Plentovich, S. 2006. Trip report and summary of biological surveys on Moku manu to date. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 17 p.

Fisher, H.I. 1948. Laysan Albatross nesting on Moku manu Islet, off Oahu. Pacific Science 2: 66.

Fitch, J. 1968. Oahu, Kauai, and offshore islands summary. Smithsonian Institution, Honolulu. 98 p.

Forestry, B.o.C.o.A.a. 1947. Proposed regulations for bird sanctuaries and providing for the protection of certain sea birds. 'Elepaio 7(9): 50-51.

Hanson, C. 1958. Moku manu trip report 1958. 'Elepaio 19(2): 10-11.

Harrison, C.S. 1990. Seabirds of Hawaii: natural history and conservation. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 249 p. [NO COPIES MADE]

Hawaii, S.o. 1969. Geographic names approved, second quarter 1969, p. 8. In: Development, D.o.P.E. (ed.), State of Hawaii8.

Hobdy, R. 1984. The vegetation of Moku manu Islet. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Maui County. 1 p.

Inc., M.M. Map of O'ahu Islets. In:

Judd, L.M. 1932. Setting aside land for public purposes, p. 2. In: Branch, S.o.H.E. (ed.), State of Hawaii2.

MacKaye, A.L. 1915. Marooned on a bird island. Mid-Pac Magazine 9(1): 6.

Morin, M. 1982. State Seabird Sanctuary brief legislative history, p. 6. In: Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. (ed.), State of Hawaii6.

Munro, G.C. 1940. Birds of Hawaii and adventures in bird study. 'Elepaio 1(7): 3.

Munro, G.C. 1940. The Wedge-tailed Shearwater - continued. 'Elepaio 1(8): 5.

Munro, G.C. 1941. Bird islands off the coast of Oahu. 'Elepaio 1(9): 4.

Munro, G.C. 1941. The Noddy in Hawaii. 'Elepaio 1(12): 4.

Munro, G.C. 1944. A visit to Moku manu. 'Elepaio 4(7): 2.

Munro, G.C. 1946. The Hawaiian bird study of 1935-37. 'Elepaio 7(1): 2.

Munro, G.C. 1946. The Hawaiian bird survey 1935-37 (continued from last issue). 'Elepaio 7(3): 2.

Pyle, L. 1968. Moku manu. 'Elepaio 29(6): 4.

Pyle, R. 1954. Tropic-birds and other birds at Ulupau Head? 'Elepaio 15(5): 2.

Richardson, F. & Fisher, H.I. 1950. Birds of Moku manu and Manana Islands off Oahu, Hawaii. The Auk 67(3): 21.

Richardson, F. & Fisher, H.I. 1950. Notes on an article "Birds of Moku manu and Manana Islands off Oahu, Hawaii". 'Elepaio 11(4): 2.

Richardson, F. 1948. Frigate-bird bested by Brown Booby. The Condor 50: 1.

Richardson, F. 1948. Storm toll of Moku manu. 'Elepaio 8(10): 1.

Scott, S. 2004. Seabirds of Hawaii. Honolulu Star-Bulletin 2004 (June 5, 2004)7.

Seale, A. 1949. Field notes on the birds of Oahu, HI. 'Elepaio 10(2): 1.

Service, U.S.F.a.W. 2002. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; designations of critical habitat for plant species from the island of Oahu, HI. Federal Register 67(102): 49.

Seto, N.W.H. 2001. Christmas Shearwater (Puffinus nativitatis), p. 20. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA561.

Shallenberger, R.J. & Myers, J.P. 1971. First nesting record for the Frigatebird (Fregata minor) in the main Hawaiian Islands. The Condor 73(3): 2.

Shallenberger, R.J. 1978. Hawaii's seabirds: the fisherman's eyes. Hawaii Fishing News 1978 (August 1978)2.

Smith, D., VanderWerf, E., Polhemus, J. & Yen. 2000. Survey of Moku manu and Mokulea Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 1 p. [Follow up to 6/28/00 survey]

Starr, F. & Starr, K. 2006. O'ahu offshore islets botanical survey. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Divsion of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 165 p.

Suehiro, A. 1958. Insects of Moku manu Islet. Hawaiian Entomological Society XVII(1): 2.

Walker, R. 1978. Named islands, islets, rocks, sandspits in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Department of Land and Natural Resources: Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 16 p.

Walker, R. 1998. Wildlife sanctuaries in Hawaii. Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 3 p.

Watson, R.J. 1946. Glimpse of Moku manu from the mainland of Oahu. 'Elepaio 6(10): 2.

Young, P. 2005. Protecting Hawai'is feathery friends, p. 2. In: HawaiiReporter.com. 2.

Zeillemaker, C.F. & Ralph, C.J. 1977. First breeding record of Laysan Albatross on Kauai. 'Elepaio 38(5): 3.

Additional information