Offshore Islet Project

HOME > MOLOKA'I ISLETS
For more information click on an islet name on the map or select from the list below. Islets that are washed over by waves and lack any flora or fauna are not detailed here.
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> Mokuho'oniki	> 'Okala	> Pa'uonu'akea

Mokuho'oniki

Aerial view
Photo: H. Eijzenga

14.1 acre islet located in the Pailolo channel off the eastern side of Moloka'i.
The islet is part of the State Seabird Sanctuary: access is by permit only to protect the islet's flora and fauna.

Field Accounts: 15 Feb 2008

Species checklists:

ARTHROPOD
Order: BLATTODEA
Family: Blattidae
	Platyzosteria soror elelu Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Order: COLEOPTERA
Family: Carabidae
	Aephnidius opaculus none Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Coccinellidae
	Coccinella septempunctata none (Seven-spotted ladybird beetle) Fed:none State:none			Introduced
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Cryptolaemus montrouzieri none (Mealybug destoryer) Fed:none State:none			Introduced
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Curculionidae
	Asynonychus godmanni none (Fuller's rose weevil) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Dermestidae
	Dermestes frischii none (Dermestid beetle) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Tenebrionidae
	Ammophorus insularis pu'u Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Gonocephalum adpressiforme pu'u (Gonocephalum darkling beetle) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Lobometopon diremptus pu'u Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Order: DIPTERA
Family: Ceratopogonidae
	Forcipomyia hardyi nalo (Hardy's non-biting biting midge) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Syrphidae
	Allograpta exotica nalo (Hover fly) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Tachinidae
	Archytas cirphis none (none) Fed:none State:none			Purposely introduced
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Tephritidae
	Bactrocera dorsalis nalo (Oriental fruit fly) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Tipulidae
	Dicranomyia hawaiiensis nalo (Crane fly) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Order: HETEROPTERA
Family: Cydnidae
	Geotomus pygmaeus none (Burrowing bug) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Lygaeidae
	Lygaeus sp. none (Milkweed bug) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Neacoryphus bicrucis none (Whitecrossed seed bug) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Nysius sp. none (Seed bug) Fed:none State:none			Unknown
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Order: HOMOPTERA
Family: Aphididae
	Aphis craccivora eleao (Cowpea aphid) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Aphis gossypii eleao (Melon aphid) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Cicadellidae
	Planiocephalus flavicosta none (Cicadellid leafhopper) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Psyllidae
	Heteropsylla cubana none (Leucaena psyllid) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Order: HYMENOPTERA
Family: Anthophoridae
	Ceratina arizonensis nalo-nui (Small carpenter bee) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	1-Aug-02	Partial survey	Present	K.R. Wood and M. Legrande
	1-Aug-02	Partial survey	Present	K.R. Wood and M. Legrande
Family: Apidae
	Apis mellifera nalo-meli (Honey Bee) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Formicidae
	Paratrechina sp. naonao (Unknown) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	1-Aug-02	Partial survey	Present	K.R. Wood and M. Legrande
	Pheidole megacephala naonao-aki (Big-headed ant) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	1-Aug-02	Partial survey	Present	K.R. Wood and M. Legrande
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Solenopsis geminata naonao (Fire ant) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Vespidae
	Odynerus sp. none (Mason wasp) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Order: ODONATA
Family: Libellulidae
	Pantala flavescens none (Globe skimmer) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Order: ORTHOPTERA
Family: Gryllidae
	Gryllodes sigillatus uhini (Tropical house cricket) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Present	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
MAMMAL
Family: Phocidae
	Monachus schauinslandi Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua (Hawaiian monk seal) Fed:E State:E			Endemic
	15-Feb-08	Opportunistic survey	3 individuals	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
PLANT
Family: Aizoaceae
	Sesuvium portulacastrum Akulikuli Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Common	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Asteraceae
	Melanthera integrifolia Nehe Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Sonchus oleraceus Pualele (Sow thistle) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Boraginaceae
	Heliotropium curassavicum Nena (salt heliotrope) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Chenopodiaceae
	Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Common	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Chenopodium murale (Lambs quarters) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Occasional	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Convolvulaceae
	Jacquemontia ovalifolia subsp. sandwicensis Pau o Hiiaka Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Common	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Common	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Cuscutaceae
	Cuscuta sandwichiana Kaunaoa (Dodder) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
Family: Cyperaceae
	Fimbristylis cymosa (Button sedge) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellato-capitata (Coastal Sedge) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
Family: Euphorbiaceae
	Chamaesyce celastroides Akoko Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Common	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Common	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Chamaesyce celastroides var. amplectens Akoko Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
Family: Goodeniaceae
	Scaevola coriacea (Dwarf naupaka) Fed:E State:E			Endemic
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Scaevola sericea Naupaka kahakai Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
Family: Malvaceae
	Sida fallax Ilima (Fanpetals) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Common	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Nyctaginaceae
	Boerhavia repens Alena (Boerhavia) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
Family: Poaceae
	Cenchrus echinatus (Sand bur) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Dactyoloctenium aegyptium (Egyptian grass) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Digitaria ciliaris (Henry's crabgrass) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Eleusine indica (Wiregrass) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	Eragrostis sp. Fed:Unknown State:Unknown			Unknown
	25526	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	Panicum fauriei var. fauriei (Faurie's panicgrass) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Common	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Panicum fauriei var. latius (Hawaiian panicgrass) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	Panicum torridum Kakonakona (Torrid panicgrass) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Common	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Setaria verticillata (Bristly foxtail) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Portulacaceae
	Portulaca lutea ihi (Purslane) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Occasional	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Portulaca oleracea (Pigweed) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Common	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
	Portulaca pilosa ihi (Kiss me quick) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Occasional	Kepler et al. 1990
	1-Nov-03	Complete survey	Present	Wood & LeGrande 2003
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Solanaceae
	Lycium sandwicense Ohelo kai (Hawai'i desert-thorn) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Occasional	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Verbenaceae
	Lantana camara (Lantana) Fed:none State:none			Adventive
	19-Nov-69	Complete survey	Present	Lamoureux 1969
	8-Sep-81	Complete survey	Rare	Kepler et al. 1990
	15-Feb-08	Complete survey	Rare	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
SEABIRD
Family: Phaethontidae
	Phaethon rubricauda rothschildi koae-ula (Red-tailed Tropicbird) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	15-Feb-08	Opportunistic survey	4 adults prospecting, 1 adult on egg	Eijzenga & Preston 2008
Family: Procellaridae
	Bulweria bulweri ou (Bulwer's Petrel) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	9-Sep-81	Complete survey	2 chicks	Kepler et al. 1990
	Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis ua'u (Hawaiian Dark-rumped Petrel) Fed:none State:none			Endemic
	Undated 'early days'	Unknown	Present	Banko 1980; info from a letter received in 1974
	Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus uaukane (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) Fed:none State:none			Indigenous
	July 1, 1981- June 30, 1982	Unknown	1000 burrows	Ueoka 1982
	9-Sep-81	Complete survey	1250 burrows, min. estimate of 525 nesting pairs	Kepler et al. 1990

Literature Citations:

Altonn, H. 1977. Seabird refuge established. Honolulu Star-Bulletin 1977 (October 22, 1977): A101.

Anonymous. Maui county's offshore islets general information. Maui County. 2 p.

Banko, W.E. 1980. Population histories, species accounts, seabirds: Hawaiian Dark-rumped Petrel ('Ua'u). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. History of Hawaiian endemic birds 46 p.

Brown, R.C. 1932. Regulations of the Division of Forestry of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry of the Territory of Hawaii, p. 4. In: Territory of Hawaii4.

Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. 1981. Rules regulating wildlife sanctuaries. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Department of Foresty and Wildlife, Honolulu. 14 p.

Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. 1981. Seabird sanctuaries. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 3 p.

Forestry, B.o.C.o.A.a. 1947. Proposed regulations for bird sanctuaries and providing for the protection of certain sea birds. 'Elepaio 7(9): 50-51.

Hawaii, S.o. 1969. Geographic names approved, second quarter 1969, p. 8. In: Development, D.o.P.E. (ed.), State of Hawaii8.

Judd, L.M. 1932. Setting aside land for public purposes, p. 2. In: Branch, S.o.H.E. (ed.), State of Hawaii2.

Kepler, C.B., Kepler, A.K., Simons, T.R., Hobdy, B. & Simons, P.M. 1990. Hawaii's seabird islands, no. 3: Moku-Ho'oniki and Kanaha Rock, Molokai. 'Elepaio 50(9): 5.

Lamoureux, C.H. 1969. Plants from Mokuhooniki (collection made by David Woodside). University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 1 p.

MacCaughey, V. 1918. The strand flora of the Hawaiian Archipelago-I. geographical relations, origin, and composition. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 45(7): 18.

Megysi, J.L. & O'Daniel, D.L. 1997. Bulwer's Petrel (Bulweria bulwerii), p. 33. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA281.

Morin, M. 1982. State Seabird Sanctuary brief legislative history, p. 6. In: Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. (ed.), State of Hawaii6.

Tomich, P.Q. 1986. Mammals in Hawai'i. 2. Bishop Musuem Press, Honolulu, HI. 375 p.

Walker, R. 1978. Named islands, islets, rocks, sandspits in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Department of Land and Natural Resources: Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu. 16 p.

Wood, K.R. & LeGrande, M. 2003. Checklist of vascular plants found on four offshore islets: Huelo, Mokapu, Okala and Mokuhooniki: Moloka'i, Hawai'i Nov 2003. National Park Service, State of Hawai'i, 5 p.

Additional information