HOME > KAUA'I AND NI'IHAU ISLETS

Kaua'i and Ni'ihau islet map

For more information click on an islet name on the map or select from the list below. Islets that are washed over by waves and lack any flora or fauna are not detailed here.

> Ka'ula

> Lehua

> Moku'ae'ae

Lehua
Lehua
Link to photo gallery
Photo: State of Hawaii

277 acre islet located off the north point of Ni'ihau
The islet is owned by the U.S. Coast Guard and is also part of the State Seabird Sanctuary. Permission to access the islet must be obtained by the Coast Guard as well as the State to protect the islet's flora and fauna.

Field Accounts: 3-4 May 2007
Species checklists:
ARTHROPOD
 Order: ARANEAE
  Family: Araneidae
    Argiope appensa nananana (Garden spider) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
    Neoscona oaxacensis nananana (Western spotted orbweaver) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Clubionidae
    Cheiracanthium mordax nananana (Pale leaf spider) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Lycosidae
    Lycosa sp. nananana (Wolf spider) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    1-Dec-05 Opportunistic survey Present K.R. Wood, E. Vanderwerf, H. Eizenga, and L.C. Young
  Family: Salticidae
    Hasarius adansoni pe'epe'e-maka-walu (Adanson's house jumper) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Theridiidae
    Latrodectus geometricus nananana (Brown widow) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: BLATTODEA
  Family: Blattellidae
    Symploce pallens elelu liilii (Smooth cockroach) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: COLEOPTERA
  Family: Carabidae
    Aephnidius opaculus none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
    Gnathaphanus picipes none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Chrysomelidae
    Systena blanda none (Palestriped flea beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Coccinellidae
    Cryptolaemus montrouzieri none (Mealybug destoryer) Fed:none State:noneIntroduced
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Curculionidae
    Asynonychus godmanni none (Fuller's rose weevil) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
    Hypurus bertrandi none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    1-Dec-05 Opportunistic survey Present K.R. Wood, E. Vanderwerf, H. Eizenga, and L.C. Young
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Dermestidae
    Dermestes frischii none (Dermestid beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Dytiscidae
    Rhantus pseudopacificus none Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Phalacridae
    Phalacrus sp. none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Scarabaeidae
    Adoretus sinicus pu'u'a loke (Chinese rose beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Aphodius lividus none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    Protaetia fusca none (Mango flower beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Tenebrionidae
    Gonocephalum adpressiforme pu'u (Gonocephalum darkling beetle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: COLLEMBOLA
  Family: Entomobryidae
    Entomobrya marginata none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: DERMAPTERA
  Family: Carcinophoridae
    Euborellia eteronoma lo (Hawaiian earwig) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
 Order: DIPTERA
  Family: Canicidae
    Canaceoides angulatus nalo (Beach fly) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Canaceoides hawaiiensis nalo Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Canaceoides sp. nalo Fed:none State:noneUnknown
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Chloropidae
    Siphunculina striolata nalo (Chloropid fly) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Dolichopodidae
    Hydrophorus pacificus nalo (Long-legged fly) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Thambemyia acrostacalis nalo (Long-legged fly) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Ephydridae
    Discomyza maculipennis nalo Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
    Ephydra gracilis nalo (Brinefly) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Hecamede granifera nalo Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Scatella sexnotata nalo Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: HETEROPTERA
  Family: Anthocoridae
    Orius sp. none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    1-Dec-05 Opportunistic survey Present K.R. Wood, E. Vanderwerf, H. Eizenga, and L.C. Young
  Family: Lygaeidae
    Graptostethus manillensis none (Woodrose bug) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Nysius kinbergi none (Seed bug) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Nabidae
    Nabis capisiformis none (Damsel bug) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Saldidae
    Micracanthia humilis none (Shore bug) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: HOMOPTERA
  Family: Cicadellidae
    Acinopterus angulatus none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    Balclutha sp. none Fed:none State:noneUnknown
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Delphacidae
    Perkinsiella saccharicida none (Sugarcane delphacid) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Membracidae
    Vanduzea segmentata none (Vanduzee treehopper) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: HYMENOPTERA
  Family: Anthophoridae
    Xylocopa sonorina nalo-nui (Sonoran carpenter bee ) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Braconidae
    Chelonus blackburni nalo puka Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
  Family: Colletidae
    Hylaeus sp. none (Yellow-faced Bee) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    1-Dec-05 Opportunistic survey Present K.R. Wood, E. Vanderwerf, H. Eizenga, and L.C. Young
  Family: Formicidae
    Camponotus variegatus none (Carpenter ant) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    Pheidole megacephala naonao-aki (Big-headed ant) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: ISOPODA
  Family: Ligiidae
    Ligia hawaiiensis none (Mangrove slater) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: LEPIDOPTERA
  Family: Cosmopterigidae
    Hyposmocoma sp. none Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Crambidae
    Euchromius ocelleus none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Omiodes localis none (Hawaiian grass leafroller) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Salbia haemorrhoidalis none Fed:none State:noneIntroduced
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Spoladea recurvalis none (Hawaiian Beet Webworm) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    1-Dec-05 Opportunistic survey Present K.R. Wood, E. Vanderwerf, H. Eizenga, and L.C. Young
    Tamsica floricolens none (Hawaiian tamsica crambid moth) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Gelechiidae
    Dichomeris acuminata none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Geometridae
    Anacamptodes fragilaria none (Kiawe moth) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Partial survey Present D.J. Preston
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Lycaenidae
    Lampides boeticus none (Bean butterfly) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Noctuidae
    Amyna natalis none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Eublemma accedens none (Waltheria moth) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Heliothis virescens none (Tobacco budworm) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Oecophoridae
    Thyrocopa sp. none Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Olethreutidae
    Crocidosema sp. nr. Leprara none Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Sphingidae
    Hippotion rosetta none Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: MANTODEA
  Family: Mantidae
    Hierodula patellifera none (Praying mantis) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
 Order: ORTHOPTERA
  Family: Acrididae
    Schistocerca nitens uhini (Vagrant grasshopper) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Gryllidae
    Caconemobius sp. uhini Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    3-Aug-03 Complete survey Present S.L. Montgomery, K.R. Wood, and M. LeGrande
    Gryllodes sigillatus uhini (Tropical house cricket) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Trigonidomorpha sjostedti uhini Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
  Family: Tettigoniidae
    Conocephalus saltator uhini (Longhorned grasshopper) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
    Euconecephalus nasutus uhini (Agravating grasshopper) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    29-Apr-06 Complete survey Present D.J. Preston
MAMMAL
  Family: Leporidae
    Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    1931 Unknown overrun by rabbits Caum 1936
    1961 Unknown Present Watson 1961
    09 Sep 1966 Unknown Present R S Walker
    11 Sep 1967 Unknown Present State of Hawaii Fish and Game
    1986 Unknown Present Tomich 1986
    May-04 Estimated 300-500 Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Muridae
    Mus domesticus (House mouse) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001-2004 Opportunistic survey Occasional Wood et al. 2004
    Rattus exulans iole (Polynesian rat) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2002-2005 Partial survey Present Vanderwerf et al. 2007
    19 Feb 2002 Unknown Present E Campbell, E VanderWerf
    07 Mar 2003 Unknown Present M LeGrande, K R Wood
    28 Sep 2003 Unknown Present C Swenson & K Wood
    Rattus sp. (Rats) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    1931 Unknown Present Caum 1936
    1960 Unknown Present Richardson 1963
  Family: Phocidae
    Monachus schauinslandi Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua (Hawaiian monk seal) Fed:E State:EEndemic
    2001-2004 Opportunistic survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    16-Aug-06 Complete survey 6 individuals ANON 2006
    3-May-07 Opportunistic survey 3 individuals Eijzenga & Preston 2008
    26-Apr-08 Opportunistic survey 4 individuals Eijzenga pers. Obsv.
MOLLUSC
 Order: STYLOMMATOPHORA
  Family: Achatinellidae
    Lamellidea gracilis None (Terrestrial snail) Fed:Unknown State:UnknownIndigenous
    2007 Complete survey 3 individuals Rob Cowie
    Tornatellides procerulus None (Terrestrial snail) Fed:Unknown State:UnknownEndemic
    2007 Complete survey 5 individuals Rob Cowie
  Family: Pupillidae
    Lyropupa (Mirapupa) perlonga None (Pupillid land snail) Fed:SOC? State:UnknownEndemic
    2007 Complete survey 2 individuals Rob Cowie
  Family: Succineidae
    Succinea caduca None (Terrestrial snail) Fed:Unknown State:UnknownEndemic
    2007 Complete survey 1 individual Rob Cowie
PLANT
  Family: Aizoaceae
    Sesuvium portulacastrum Akulikuli Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Asclepiadaceae
    Asclepias curassavica (Butterfly weed) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    20-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Asteraceae
    Ageratum conyzoides Maile Honohono (Ageratum) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Occasional Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Artemisia australis Hinahina Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Cirsium vulgare (Bull Thistle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Conyza bonariensis (Hairy horseweed) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Gnaphalium purpureum (Purple cudweed) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Pluchea carolinensis (Sourbush) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Pluchea indica (Indian fleabane) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Pluchea xfosbergii (Hybrid pluchea) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Sonchus oleraceus Pualele (Sow thistle) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    19-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Verbesina encelioides (Golden crown-beard) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Xanthium strumarium Kikania Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Boraginaceae
    Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Hinahina Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Present Caum 1936
    Heliotropium curassavicum Nena (salt heliotrope) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    19-Apr-31 Complete survey Occasional Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Chenopodiaceae
    Chenopodium murale (Lambs quarters) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Convolvulaceae
    Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis Pohuehue (Bayhops) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    22-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
    Jacquemontia ovalifolia subsp. sandwicensis Pau o Hiiaka Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    19-Apr-31 Complete survey Common Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Cucurbitaceae
    Sicyos maximowiczii Puaokama Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    19-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Cyperaceae
    Cyperus javanicus Ahu awa Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Occasional Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Cyperus polystachyos (Cyperus) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Present Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellato-capitata (Coastal Sedge) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    19-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Euphorbiaceae
    Chamaesyce hirta (Hairy spurge) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Occasional Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Fabaceae
    Prosopis pallida (Kiawe) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Malvaceae
    Abutilon grandifolium (Hairy abutilon) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Sida fallax Ilima (Fanpetals) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    17-Aug-32 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Myrsinaceae
    Ardisia elliptica (Shoebutton ardisia) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
  Family: Nephrolepidaceae
    Nephrolepis multiflora (Sword fern) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Nyctaginaceae
    Boerhavia repens Alena (Boerhavia) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Oxalidaceae
    Oxalis corniculata (Yellow wood sorrel) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Papavaraceae
    Argemone glauca var. glauca Pua kala Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    19-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
  Family: Poaceae
    Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Cenchrus echinatus (Sand bur) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Chloris radiata (Radiate Fingergrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Chloris virgata (Feather fingergrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Digitaria ciliaris (Henry's crabgrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Digitaria debilis (Crabgrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    18/19-Apr-31 Complete survey Present Caum 1936
    Digitaria insularis (Sourgrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Eragrostis amabilis (Lovegrass) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Eragrostis variabilis Emoloa, kawelu Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Heteropogon contortus Pili (Tanglehead) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Common Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Lepturus repens (Lepturus) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Pancium fauriei var. latius Mauu Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Pancium pellitum Kakonakona Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Pancium torridum Kakonakona (Torrid panicgrass) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Panicum fauriei var. latius (Hawaiian panicgrass) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    Panicum pellitum Kaioio (Maui panicgrass) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Common Caum 1936
    Panicum torridum Kakonakona (Torrid panicgrass) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    Setaria verticillata (Bristly foxtail) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Portulacaceae
    Portulaca oleracea (Pigweed) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    17-Aug-32 Complete survey Occasional Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Portulaca pilosa ihi (Kiss me quick) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
    Portulaca villosa Ihi (Hairy purslane) Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    19-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
  Family: Primulaceae
    Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet pimpernel) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Pteridaceae
    Doryopteris decipiens Iwaiwa Fed:none State:noneEndemic
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Solanaceae
    Solanum americanum Popolo (Glossy Nighshade) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Sterculiaceae
    Waltheria indica Uhaloa Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    18-Apr-31 Complete survey Common Caum 1936
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Urticaceae
    Pilea peploides (Pacific Island clearweed) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
  Family: Verbenaceae
    Lantana camara (Lantana) Fed:none State:noneAdventive
    20-Apr-31 Complete survey Rare Caum 1936
  Family: Zygophyllaceae
    Tribulus cistoides Nohu Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    2001 -2003 Complete survey Present Wood et. al. 2003
    1-May-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004
SEABIRD
  Family: Diomedeidae
    Phoebastria immutabilis moli (Laysan Albatross) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    19-Feb-02 Complete survey 50 adults; 9 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    6-Jul-02 Complete survey 4 chicks Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Complete survey 10 adults; 28 chicks Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    5-Mar-04 Complete survey 25 adults; 6 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    Phoebastria nigripes kaupu (Black-footed Albatross) Fed:none State:TIndigenous
    1931-1932 Opportunistic survey Present Caum 1936
    19-Feb-02 Complete survey 31 adults; 8 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Complete survey 2 adults; 11 chicks Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    5-Mar-04 Complete survey 14 adults; 6 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
  Family: Fregatidae
    Fregata minor iwa (Great Frigatebird) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1931-1932 Opportunistic survey Present Caum 1936
    11-Aug-60 Complete survey 18 non-breeding adults Richardson 1963
    1966-1967 Unknown 25-30 adults Ron Walker unpubl. Data in Wood et al. 2004
    19-Feb-02 Complete survey 38 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    6-Jul-02 Complete survey 326 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Complete survey 77 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    5-Mar-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
  Family: Hyddrobatidae
    Oceanodroma castro cryptoleucura akeake (Band-rumped Storm-petrels) Fed:C State:EIndigenous
    10-Aug-60 Opportunistic survey 8 individuals Richardson & Bowles 1964
    19-Feb-02 Opportunistic survey 1 dead individual  Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    6-Jul-02 Opportunistic survey 1 adult Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Opportunistic survey 6 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
  Family: Laridae
    Anous minutus melanogenys noio (Black Noddy) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1931-1932 Opportunistic survey Present Caum 1936
    16-Aug-47 Opportunistic survey 200 individuals Fisher 1951
    11-Aug-60 Complete survey 350+ individuals Richardson 1963
    1966-1967 Unknown 335-360 adults Ron Walker unpubl. Data in Wood et al. 2004
    19-Feb-02 Complete survey 136 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    6-Jul-02 Complete survey 136 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Complete survey 230 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    5-Mar-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    Anous stolidus noio koha (Brown Noddy) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1931-1932 Opportunistic survey Present Caum 1936
    16-Aug-47 Opportunistic survey Present Fisher 1951
    1966-1967 Unknown 500 adults Ron Walker unpubl. Data in Wood et al. 2004
    19-Feb-02 Partial survey 1 adult Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    Sterna fuscata ewaewa (Sooty Tern) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    16-Aug-47 Opportunistic survey 2 adults Fisher 1951
    19-Feb-02 Partial survey 2 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
  Family: Phaethontidae
    Phaethon rubricauda rothschildi koae-ula (Red-tailed Tropicbird) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1931-1932 Opportunistic survey Present Caum 1936
    16-Aug-47 Opportunistic survey 400 estimated Fisher 1951
    10-Aug-60 Opportunistic survey Present Richardson & Bowles 1964
    11-Aug-60 Complete survey 250 adults Richardson 1963
    1966-1967 Unknown 30-40 nests Ron Walker unpubl. Data in Wood et al. 2004
    19-Feb-02 Partial survey 76 adults; 2 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    6-Jul-02 Partial survey 150 adults; 200 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Partial survey Present Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    5-Mar-04 Partial survey 55 adults; 5 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
  Family: Procellaridae
    Bulweria bulweri ou (Bulwer's Petrel) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    10-Aug-60 Opportunistic survey 25+ individuals Richardson & Bowles 1964
    11-Aug-60 Complete survey 40 adults min. Richardson 1963
    6-Jul-02 Partial survey 6 adults; 6 chicks Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Partial survey 60 adults; 9 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    Puffinus auricularis newelli ao (Newell's Shearwater) Fed:T State:TEndemic
    10-Aug-60 Opportunistic survey 6 individuals Richardson & Bowles 1964
    19-Feb-02 Opportunistic survey 1 nest Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Opportunistic survey 1 adult Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    Puffinus nativitatus (Christmas Shearwater) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    16-Aug-47 Opportunistic survey 2 adults Fisher 1951
    6-Jul-02 Opportunistic survey 2 adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Opportunistic survey 1 adult Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus uaukane (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1931-1932 Opportunistic survey Present Caum 1936
    16-Aug-47 Opportunistic survey 1000+ individuals Fisher 1951
    11-Aug-60 Complete survey 1,500 at least Richardson 1963
    1966-1967 Unknown 1000-1200 active burrows Ron Walker unpubl. Data in Wood et al. 2004
    6-Jul-02 Partial survey 2300 burrows Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Partial survey 100 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    5-Mar-04 Partial survey 30 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
  Family: Sullidae
    Sula dactylatra a (Masked Booby) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1931-1932 Opportunistic survey 2-3 pairs Caum 1936
    Sula leucogaster plotus a (Brown Booby) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    1931-1932 Opportunistic survey Present Caum 1936
    10-Aug-60 Opportunistic survey Present Richardson & Bowles 1964
    11-Aug-60 Complete survey 120 adults Richardson 1963
    1966-1967 Unknown 170 chicks Ron Walker unpubl. Data in Wood et al. 2004
    19-Feb-02 Complete survey 303 adults; 12 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    6-Jul-02 Complete survey 369 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Complete survey 521 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    5-Mar-04 Complete survey Present Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    Sula sula rubripes a (Red-footed Booby) Fed:none State:noneIndigenous
    16-Aug-47 Opportunistic survey 3,000 individuals Fisher 1951
    11-Aug-60 Complete survey 500 adults Richardson 1963
    1966-1967 Unknown 1500-1800 nests Ron Walker unpubl. Data in Wood et al. 2004
    19-Feb-02 Extrapolated 4288 Adults Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    6-Jul-02 Extrapolated 1294 nests Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    30-May-03 Extrapolated Present Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
    5-Mar-04 Extrapolated Present Wood et al. 2004, VanderWerf et al. 2007
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Ainley, D.G., Telfer, T.C. & Reynolds, M.H. 1997. Townsend's and Newell's Shearwater, p. 30. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA297.

Altonn, H. 1977. Seabird refuge established. Honolulu Star-Bulletin 1977 (October 22, 1977): A101.

Anonymous. 1994. Aerial photo of Lehua, p. 1. In: 1.

Anonymous. 2004. Lehua algae list 2004. Report to Offshore Island Restoration Committee, Honolulu. 2 p.

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Baker, J.D. & Johanos, T.C. 2004. Abundance of the Hawaiian Monk Seal in the main Hawaiian Islands. Biological Conservation 116(1): 8.

Banko, W.E. 1980. Newell's shearwater species account. National Park Service, Honolulu. 39 p.

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Berger, A.J. 1981. Hawaiian birdlife, p. 43. In: 2nd edition. University fo Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Caum, E.L. 1936. Notes on the flora and fauna of Lehua and Kaula Islands. B. P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 11: 1-17.

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Gauger, V.H. 1999. Black Noddy (Anous minutus), p. 45. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA412.

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Hawaii, S.o. 1969. Geographic names approved, second quarter 1969, p. 8. In: Development, D.o.P.E. (ed.), State of Hawaii8.

Hinds, N.E.A. 1930. Geology of Kauai and Niihau, pp. 7, 51, 97. In: The Geology of Kauai and Niihau. B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. [pgs. 7, 51, bulletin 71, 97]

MacCaughey, V. 1918. The strand flora of the Hawaiian Archipelago-I. geographical relations, origin, and composition. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 45(7): 18.

Megysi, J.L. & O'Daniel, D.L. 1997. Bulwer's Petrel (Bulweria bulwerii), p. 33. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA281.

Morin, M. 1982. State Seabird Sanctuary brief legislative history, p. 6. In: Department of Land and Natural Resources, D.o.F.a.W. (ed.), State of Hawaii6.

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Oliver, C. 2002. Neighbor island also full of jewels. Honolulu Advertiser 2002 (February 17, 2002)3.

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Richardson, F. 1963. Birds of Lehua Island off Niihau, Hawaii. 'Elepaio 23(9): 3.

Schreiber, E.A. & Norton, R.L. 2002. Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster), p. 35. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA649.

Schreiber, E.A. & Schreiber, R.W. 1993. Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda), p. 32. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA43.

Schreiber, E.A., Schreiber, R.W. & Schenk, G.A. 2002. Red Footed Booby (Sula sula), p. 19. In: Gill, A.P.a.F. (ed.), The Birds of North America. Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA241.

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Additional information

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